Streszczenie:
The article is divided into six parts. In the introduction the notions of evaluating and appraising are differentiated. The next paragraphs discuss: psychological foundations of initial appraisal; pointing to the factors that facilitate getting to know people, and ones that make it more difficult; elements of initial appraisal based on observation of the pupils; meeting them; planning the programme and criteria for appraising them; current and diagnostic appraisal, with paying attention to the motivation; recognising the causes of difficulties; the place of control and appraisal; and the ways of giving marks. The final appraisal is connected to the question, if all that is taught should be appraised; possible mistakes in appraising are shown and some results are shown of studies on the way of appraising. The article is concluded with practical postulates concerning appraising.